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The 5 Components Of An Ecosystem Fish Pond

1,000+ ponds constructed and repaired and 5,000+ ponds cleaned in Maryland, DC, and Northern Virginia since 2001

An Ecosystem Pond Works Like A Clock

A pond ecosystem is like a clock in that some smaller parts are working together to support a bigger body. The different parts depend on each other and if one doesn’t work, the others can’t do as well or may stop too.

Altogether, a pond system is an interlaced community including:

  1. Biological Filters (bio-falls)
  2. Mechanical Filters (skimmer)
  3. Aquatic Plants
  4. Rocks And Gravel
  5. Koi Fish
If set up right, a pond can be a low-maintenance slice of paradise: clear water, darting fish, and the noises of nature all in your own backyard. Let’s dive deeper into the parts of a backyard pond ecosystem.
How a pond works

The 5 Components Of A Fish Pond

Biological Filter (bio-falls)

A biological filter keeps your water cleaner. It helps by colonizing the beneficial bacteria that break down pond waste products. The beneficial leftovers are then put back into the pond where they can benefit the ecosystem.

You can learn more about biofalls here >>

Example of a biofalls

Mechanical Filter (skimmer)

Mechanical skimmers catch larger chunks of debris and waste. It does this by collecting and removing debris from the pond before it can sink to the bottom or get passed into the biological filter.

See a skimmer replacement project we did >>

Skimmer basket after cleaning

Aquatic Plants

Aquatic plants are beautiful and they help remove excess nutrients from the pond. Without them, these nutrients would quickly become food for algae. They also provide food, shade, and protection for pond animals.

You can learn about the best aquatic plants for ponds >>

a garden with a pond and lots of plants.

Rocks And Gravel

Rocks and gravel provide a much-needed surface area for beneficial bacteria to grow. These bacteria help with filtering water, keeping your pond clean and clear. They also protect the pond liner from damage due to the sun’s harmful rays.

Here’s more details on the benefits of rocks and gravel >>

Fish swimming in a pond

Koi Fish

Fish are great because, like plants, they look amazing while helping to control algae growth. The best part is their way of controlling algae is to eat it. This means they add color and life, control algae, and feed themselves.

You can find out more in this guide to learning about backyard pond fish >>

Feeding koi fish

See An Ecosystem Backyard Pond In Action

Check out this pond renovation project in Washington DC that shows the full ecosystem:

Those Are The Different Parts Of A Backyard Pond

You don’t need all 5 of these components for your pond to work. It may take more maintenance than if it were a complete ecosystem, but every pond is different, so it may not.

You can learn just what an ecosystem backyard pond is here >>